Bee and wasp stings: first aid and warning signs

Unlike most bites, a bee or wasp sting announces itself immediately with sharp pain. For most people the reaction is local — pain, redness, and swelling that settle within a day or two. The important exception is an allergic reaction, which can be serious and needs fast action.

First aid for a normal sting

• If a bee has left its stinger behind, remove it quickly by scraping sideways with a fingernail or card — don't pinch, which can squeeze in more venom.
• Wash the area with soap and water.
• Apply a cold compress to reduce pain and swelling.
• Keep the area elevated if a limb is affected, and avoid scratching.

Bee vs. wasp

Honeybees usually leave a barbed stinger in the skin and can only sting once; wasps and hornets do not leave a stinger and can sting repeatedly. The first-aid steps are the same, but if you see a stinger, remove it promptly.

Warning signs of a severe allergic reaction

A small number of people are allergic to stings, and the reaction — anaphylaxis — can develop within minutes. Call your local emergency number immediately if you notice any of the following after a sting:

• Difficulty breathing, wheezing, or tightness in the chest or throat.
• Swelling of the lips, tongue, throat, or face.
• Dizziness, fainting, or a sudden drop in alertness.
• A widespread rash or hives spreading far beyond the sting.
• Nausea, vomiting, or stomach cramps alongside the above.

If you know you are allergic and carry an adrenaline auto-injector, use it as prescribed and still seek emergency care.

When to see a doctor

Beyond an emergency, see a doctor if swelling is large or spreading over the following days, if the sting site shows signs of infection, if you were stung many times, or if you were stung inside the mouth or throat.

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